Our current methods of production are geared for constant consumption, and are based on endless extraction, built in obsolescence with short life-cycles, which then lead to waste.
Transforming our systems to meet the challenges of the day require a revised operating system:
- Repair.
- Reuse.
- Disassembly.
- Remanufacturing.
- Recycling.
- Biological regeneration.
- Cities are becoming laboratories.
Amsterdam has formally targeted a 50% reduction in use of new raw materials by 2030 compared with 2016 and an entirely circular city by 2050.
The Ellen MacArthur Foundation documents circular-economy experiments involving buildings, mobility, food, consumer products and industrial material flows across cities worldwide.